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I R A N C H A M B E R O F C O M M E R C E , I N D U S T R I E S & M I N E S |
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I R A N C H A M B E R O F C O M M E R C E , I N D U S T R I E S & M I N E S |
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| Geography and History | |
 Babolsar Bridge
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Covering an area of 46,645 square kilometers, Mazandaran province is 11th in Iran from the largeness point of view. The famous townships of this province are Sari, Behshahr, Ghaemshahr, Babol, Babolsar, Amol, Noor, Nowshahr, Tonkabon, Ramsar, Mahmood-Abad, and Neka. According to the census of 1996, the population of the province was 2,602,008 of which 45.89% were registered as urban dwellers, 54,1% villagers, and remaining were non- residents. Sari is the capital city of the province. The sex ratio of the population of this province is 99. From geographical point of view Mazandaran province is divided into two parts i.e. coastal plain and Alborz mountinous area. Alborz mountain range has surrounded the coastal strip and coastal plains of the Castal strip and coastal plains of the Caspian Sea like a high wall. Due to permanent breeze of the sea and local winds in southern and eastern coasts of the Caspian Sea, there have been formed sandy hills that have caused the appearance of a low natural barrier between the sea and plain. The nature of Mazandaran province is under the influence of geographical latitude, Albroz heights, elevation from sea level, distance from the sea, southern wildernesses of Turkmenistan, local and regional wind currents, and diverse vegetation cover. Thus the climate of the province is divided into three kinds. Moderate Caspian weather with hot and humid summers and mild and humid winters. Moderate mountainous weather with long, cold, andfreezing winters and mild and short summers. And cold mountainousweather with long freezing winters and short cool summers. There is often snowfall in most of the seasons in this region that even continues during warmth period. There is not enough information on the ancient history of the province and basically the climatic conndition of the region has prevented the lasting of historical monuments. There has not been obtained any reliable vestige belonging to pre-Islamic periods in coastal plains of Mazandaran. Also there is not even a memorial of famous cities of early Islamic period (the reign of Tabarestan and Daylam kings) except Amol, Sari, and Lahijan. After prevalence of Aryans and migration of natives, Achaemenian subordinated new dwellers after some times. In the year 30 AH, during the capliphate of Osman, Saad-Ebn-Aas, the governor of kufah, conquered the coasts of Tabarestan, Roomian, and Damavand. During the caliphate of Abou Jafar Mansour (136-158 AH), the second Abbasi caliph, the people of Tabarestan revolted against him. Finally, Vandad Homroz established an independent dynasty in Tabarestan in 167 AH. In the year 426 AH, Sultan Mahmoud Ghaznavi entered Tabarestan through Gorgan and badly damaged people. Sultan Mohamad Kharazmshah conquered Tabarestan in 606
AH. Tgen Mongols governed the region and finally Taymourian overtherw them.
After the death of Amir Taymour, Sadat Marashi (807-850 AH) returned to the
region and ruled over there. Theycompletely lost their power in the reign of
Shah Abbas I. After the dissolution of feudal government of Tabarestan,
which continued till 1006 AH, the region was dominated by Shah Abbas I and
next Safavid kings.In the reign of Nader Shah a shipbuilding workshop was
established in Mazandaran for confronation with enemis especially the
Russians. In the reign of Fathali Shah Ghajar the verdant region of
Mazandaran was paid due attention as a recreational area. During Pahlavi
time some access roads were constructed over there as other parts of the
country. Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate,
beautiful natural landscapes, and closeness to Tehran have caused this
province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of the
country. Sari Enjoying a moderate and humid climate, Sari Township is located 277 km. far from Tehran. Sari is the capital city of the province that is founded in pre-Islamic period. The foundation of the city is attributed to "Toos-Ebne-Nowzar". Sari Great Mosque is the first building that was constructed by Moslems in the year 140 AH. Sari City was set on fire in 298 AH by the onslaught of tribes that were lived around the Caspian Sea. In the early 4th century AH it was badly damaged by flood. Sari was also damaged during the regin of Sultan Mohammed Kharazmshah and aferwards due to the Mongols attacks In 769 AH a wall was constructed around the city. Some important buildings were constructed in the city in Safavid time and in the reign of Shah Abbas I. Sari became the capital city of the province in the reign of Agha Mohammed Khan Ghajar. At present, Sari is a thriving city due to being connected to national railroad network and construction of several governmental buildings as well as the implementation many other development projects. The important natural, historical and religious monuments of Sari are as follows:
Behshahr Behshahr Township is located at the slopes of Alborz mountain range enjoying a mild and humid climate. In the past, Behshahr region was named "Khargooran" and was constructed by the order of Shah Abbas and he caused several thousands of Georgians to migrate to this city . The people of this city are composed of different ethnical groups like emigrant Georgians, Taaleshis, and Tats. The worth-seeing places of the city are:
Ghaemshahr Ghaemshahr Township is 257 km. far from Tehran and is located in a verdant plain. The old name of this city was Ali-Abad. There was a mausoleum in the city that was the place of pilgrimage of the people. The city was named Shahi in 1935 AD and was paid due attention in last decades so that now it is an industrial city. The antiquity of the city dates back to the time of Tabarestan Espahbodan. The important natural, historical, and cultural places of thecity are:
Savadkooh Enjoying a moderate climate and dense vegetation cover, Savadkooh Township is composed of a mixture of rural and mountainous areas with eye-catching valleys and is one of the tourism attraction regions of the province. The important natural, histrorical and religious sites of the city are:
Babolsar Formerly, Babolsar was named "Meshedsar" having more than 100 years of antiguity and is developed in the mouth of Babol River. In the past, this city was flourishing as a port and the center of Iran-Russia trade. When this commercial relation diminished, this port lost its importance. But again in early Pahlavi time, it was paid due attention and was changed to a small and beautiful city. Now, it is one of the best recreational places of the north of Iran. The important natural, historical and cultural sites of the city are:
Babol Babol Township is 268 km. far from Tehran. The northern and central parts of the township are located in the plain and the southern part is mountainous. The climate of plain areas is mild and humid and in the mountainous regions it is cold. Babol is one of the cities that have been existed since Islamic period and the first name of it was Mamtir. The city of Barforoush was built in 10th century AH in its location and in 160 AH the Jame Mosque of the city was built by "Mazyar Ebn Gharen". Barforoush was thriving in Safavid time as a commercial center. In the reign of Fathali Shah Ghajar it gained considerable importance. Before the October Revolution of Russia (1917). Babol had commercial relation with Russia via Babolsar port and was one of the important trade centers of Mazandaran. At present it is one of the beautiful cities of this province. The important historical and cultural monuments of the city are:
Amol Amol Township is located 240 km. distant from Tehran.
Enjoying a relatively warm and humid climate, the southern part of it is
surrounded by Alborz Mountains and the northern part is located in a fertile
plain. Amol City is amongst the old cities of Iran and some historians
attribute its antiquity to Pishdadian and Kianian time. According to
archeological excavations and obtained objects and coins, the city has been
the capital of the region. The people of city adhered to Islam in the reign
of Mahdi the Abbasi caliph and several Islamic buildings were constructed
there, In the early 7th century Hesamelddin Ardeshir changed the
centrality of the province from Sari to Amol and he constructed his palace
over there.
Noor Noor Township is 243 km. far from Tehran and located in the coastal plain enjoying a mild and humid climate. It was famous as "Sooldeh" in the past and is amongst the oldest cities of west Mazandaran. It is so called because Noor River with limpid and clear water crosses the city. Due to its natural and strategic condition, Noor had a considerable importance and the existence of several castles and fortifications in Noor and Kojoor region is indicative of this fact. The important natural, historical & cultural mounuments of the township are :
Tonkabon Tonkabon Township is located 257 km. far from Tehran. Its climate is mild and humid in the northern part ad cold in the southern part. In the past, this region was a part of Gilan and according to obtained objects and vestiges during long time, this region was thriving in the past holding specific civilization. In long past, Tonkabon was a part of old Rooyan land that was called "Rostamdar". Padosbanans governed the region till the reign of Shah Abbas Safavid. Since early Safavid time till 1209 AH, which is the beginning of Ghajar dynasty, this city was called Faiz. After the fall of Ghajar, the city was named Shahsavar and after Islamic Revolution, again, it was named called Tonkabon. The important natural, historical and cultural places of the city are :
Nowshahr Nowshahr Township is 195 km. far from Tehran. The plain area of the city enjoys a moderate and humid climate and the southern part of it is mountainous and cold. The important natural, historical, and cultural sites of the city are:
Ramsar Ramsar is amongst the old cities of Mazandaran and according to some valid historical documents its antiquity is estimated more than 10 centuries. Large clans and families have lived in Ramsar. Presently, this historical city is one of the best recreational and tourism areas of the Caspian Sea. The worth-seeing places of the city are:
Neka Neka City is located close to Sari and is one of industrial cities of northern region of Iran. The important natural, historical, and religious monuments of this city are:
Protected Areas of the Province This province is the habitat of different species of flora and fauna and very important from environmental and ecological points of view. There are several protected areas under the supervision of the Department of the Environment. The protected areas of the province are as follows: Jahan-Nema Wildlife Refuge in the east of Mazandaran holding recreational, scientific, and research importance, Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge with the area of 7,000 hectares registered as Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, Semeskandeh Wildlife Refuge with an area of 1,000 hectares, Dasht-e-Naaz Wildlife Refuge with an area of 55 hectares and the center of breeding Iranian follow dear, Dodangeh and Chardangeh Protected Areas with the area of 6,000 hectares. Pleasant and specific climatic and geographic conditions as well as abundance of different water bodies, especially Ab-bandans (Man made ecosystems or water reservoirs) totally have caused Mazandaran province to attact annually a huge number of endemic and migratory birds. These birds are pray birds, flamingo, waders, pelican, partridge, turtledove, grouse, ringdove, vulture, owl, dull-yellow partridge, ortolan, spoonbill, kingfisher, pingeon, heron, goose, crane, duck, eagle starling and… Locating in the vicinity of the Caspian Sea or the largest land-locked water body in the world, water resources of Mazandaran province hold diverse species of aquatic life which are very important from commercial and industrial points of view. Fishing plays a very important role in the subsistence of people. The most important fishes of the region are: sturgeon, whitefish, salmon, Cyprinidae, Percidae (zander), anchovy, pike, trout, and … Other important wildlife of the region which mostly live in the protected areas of the province are: wild goat, brown bear, hyena, wild boar, fox, porcupine, rat, rabbit, leopard, buck, weasel, wildcat, badger, and … Touring and Accommodation There are suitable connection roads, railroad, communication services, hospitals, and health centers in all cities of the province and they are easily accessible. Most of the cities hold suitable and diverse accommodation facilities. The people of this province are well acquainted with tourism. All necessary information is mentioned in related part of this book. The souvenirs of the province are: wickerwork, bamboo products, silk, cotton and wool hand woven cloth, coarse, rug, felt carpet, wooden products, crocheting, and other handicrafts. Necessary Telephone Numbers Tourism Offices Amol 23011, Tonkabon 2083 Babol 26011, Ramsar 6610 Babolsar 33910, Chalous 5002 Ghaemshahr 4272, Nowshahr 35056 Noor 4963, Mahmood-Abad 2576 Behshahr 234877 Hotel Mote Osrom Hotel, Sari 46539 Badeleh Hotel 23128 Mazraeh Hotel, Sari 23334 Behshahr Hotel 24177 Talar, Ghaemshahr 8006-8 Khezer Shahr, Babolsar 24434 Shooka, Babolsar 23020/24247 Caspian, Babolsar 22544 Noor Grand 3338-9 Daryay-e-noor 3814-5 Sadaf Hotel, Nowshahr 4262-3 Shalizar Hotel, Nowshahr 32090 Leon Hotel, Nowshahr 3204 Sahra 1, Nowshahr 33511 Enghelab, Chalous 22001-8 Malek, Nowshahr 24107/2272 Ramsar Grand Hotel 3592-4 Restaurants of Sari Salar-Dareh 27225 Badeleh 23128 Airline and Travel Agencies Airlines, Sari 90922/20921 Sari Airport 29555/27151 Iran Air, Sari 20921-4 Ramsar Airport 2788-09 Mamtir Gasht, Babol 2035 Babolgasht, Babol 23396 Ghased Gasht 4869 Mir Tour, Amol 26968 Safar Yaran, Nowshahr 33678 Hospital and Pharmacies Imam Khomaini, Sari 37700-5 Nejat Pharmacy, Tonkabone 2522 |
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