About IRAN

	Introduction
Bampuor Castel Burnt City CoinWork GelFeshan Hamoon Lake NeedleWork Sangan Tree	Nowadays, tourism is one of the important human activities which according to circumstances of its nature, causes deep changes in life space and geographical landscapes. During a few past decades, tourism has could get a considerable place uneconomical and social interchanges and today has turned into one of the greatest social changes of human history. At this time, with rich cultural heritage and valuable and countless geographical and natural gifts, our country, Iran, could turn into an important tourism centers. Why Iran is a world in a united border actually? Nevertheless, many of the angels of cultural and, specially, natural attractions of this land has remained unknown yet and Sistan & Baluchistan province, this extensive land, from Hamoon lake to azure waters of Oman Sea, remained unknown more than other parts. Marvelous natural historical and cultural works of the province could play an important role in development and pride of this land. IRAN TOURING & TOURISM MANAGEMEN OF SISTAN & BALUCHISTTAN PROVINCE Sistan & Baluchistan Geography With an area of 187502 sq. km. This province is composed of who regions of Sistan, covering 15717 sq. km, and Baluchistan 171785, and located at longitude of 58.50 to 63.21 and at latitude of 25.3 to 31.27. This province is border on Afghanistan and Pakistan with the length of 1200 km. And mount Malek Siah, at 40 km . to Zahedan city, is the common border of Iran, Afghanistan and pakistan. This province is neighbor to Khorasan province in north, Afghanistan in north and east, Pakistan in east, Oman Sea in south (about 270 km water border), Kerman and Hormozgan provinces In west. According to the last political divisions, this province including & townships, 32 counties, 30 cities and 94 villages. The townships of the province are Zahedan, Zabol, Khash, Iranshahr, Sarbaz, Saravan, Nikshahr and Chabahar. Population Population of the province in 1996 had been 1722579 and in 2000 was estimated 1984191. Climate Khash is the best climate area of the province because it’s higher than other townships and is neighbor to Taftan, highest peak of the Baluchistan, at the north . In addition to Khash, Chabahar poor has vernal climate because of nearness to the tropic of cancer and the equator area. Temperature changes in different seasons are little and summers are unnoticeable and so in falls, too. The trees are forever green during the year. Luxuriance of the trees has been caused to liken for seasons to spring so it has been named as Chahar Bahar (for seasons) and then Chabahar. Khash and Chabahar are of the best climate and most beautiful areas of the province. Iranshahr, Zabol and Bahookalat areas enjoy desert climate, Zahedan containing semi desert condition and mountainous area of Bamposht in south of Saravan and along that towards east to the mounts of Bashagerd enjoys mild semi-desert climate. With consideration of influence on the province climate because of Indian seasonal conditions, specially since October to April, when the most tourist poles are stagnate because of cold weather, Sistan & Baluchistan entertains tourists and entertains tourists & Baluchistan entertains tourists and interested people of nature with nice weather. Winds This province is at the exposure of different seasonal winds which most important of them are: 120-Rouzeh Wind (Lavar): this wind follows the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean what blows in the direction of northeast to Southwest in Sistan (Zabol) area. With the speed of 110/120 km/h, this wind blows during June to September . The difference between he air pressures of Afghanistan’s mountains and Sistan’s plain intensify this airflow. Haftom Wind (Gavkosh) : It’s a very cold winter wind such a manner causes loss of life and property some years. Nambi or Jonoub Wind : This wind blows from south during the year and bring steam of the Oman Sea What is useful for agriculture. Damp and Seasonal Winds of the Indian Ocean: These winds blow from southeast of Baluchisan in summer and causes severe rains. Shomal or Gourich Wind: this wind blows from north to south which makes the weather mild in summers, and cold in winters. Iranian Short-Muzzle Crocodile This creature has remained of Mesozoic’s crocodiles species (225-265 millionyears ago). They have changed a little during the past 65 million years. Characteristics This type has flat muzzle with 19 teeth on superior maxilla, and 15 on the inferior. On the back of he head and the nech, there are two pairs of corneous bony plates which are constitute an square with four big plates and one small in at the both sides. His type has short legs with five toes and long toenails at the end of front legs and four layered toes with shorter toenails on the back legs. Its body color is olive to brown and the stomach without scale, white to yellow. They are at most 4 to 5m. long, which are usually 2 to 3m. in Iran including tail. Living Place The sole living place of this type is the Bahoukalat protected zone in the south of Sistan & Bahoukalat province . Main living place of the creature is placed a Bahoukalat zone in two rivers of Sarbaz and Kaju. Local people call this crocodile as Gando and there are many legendry and mythical stories about this animal among them. Habits and Behaviors Gando is very shy, cautious and timid so it’s hard to see it. It’s a clever animal and as soon as filling the danger or any annoyance, sink and hide down the water but It should come back up to the surface of the water to breath. It usually hunts at nights and fishes, brids and mammals about the river constitute its main foods. Reproduction Crodordiles are laying eggs and in order o that digs a 30cm. Deep hold (in wet and soft soil) . The hole usually locate by the river in proper height and hole usually locate by the river in proper height and distance. The number of the eggs is about 20-30 depends on different conditions like nutrition. Crocodiles’ reproduction tide is in the March and laying egg time is in the late may. Neonates hatch after 60-65 days. At first, they are 254cm. Long in olive color with black spots and they eat insects and insects’ larva, amphibians’ larva and fishes’ spawn. Mores All nations of the province live with particular customs. Tribal life in resident style, and special mores are seeable attractions of the province. Some of the feasts and occasions are celebrated more glorious than even Nowrouz like: Feasts of Sacrifices and Fitr (at the end of the fasting month). They make brisk their celebrations with circle dance and playing of kettledrum and oboe. Harvesting celebration is set up in the some parts of the province. Men’s wears are long shirts and spacious pleated rousers. Women’s wear are long clothes with needlework, raw silkwork and purlwork of artists , veils and ornaments which are known as Baluchi Clothes. People are interest in farming and agriculture even if they enjoy other jobs. Music Folk music of Sistan & Baluchisan is of arts that because of special province’s conditions, more than other province, make the happy times of this land ardent during the long years by local instruments like Gheychak, viol, bonjo, lute, Doholack and percussion instruments like tub & jug, kettledrum and oboe. Different kinds of folk music of the province are epical, chamber, mystical and party which state sadness, gladness, epics and devoted morale, virtue, compact of loyalty, patriotism and hospitality of the area’s people. Doneli instrument: Master Shirmohammad Espandar, from Bampour of Iranshahr is the sole donelist in the world who has achieved honorary doctorate of the France University. Handicrafts Most important handicrafts of the province are Baluchi needlework, rug and small carpet, coinwork, mat weaving, pottery, jewel-making, turnery, sackcloth-weaving (black veil) , raw silkwork, traditional cloth-weaving and instrument making. Among these , needlework because of fineness, variation and different usages, rug and small carpet because of agriculture brisk with high quality and beautiful patterns, coinwork because of using in wedding and celebrations and of variation, pottery because of being handmade with long background and mat weaving because of ampleness of wild palm and variation of products have special place and manifestation. Coinwork Because of trimming usages, Coinwork is the second popular art of the area and has special place in Baluchistan’s handicrafts. It is made of small pieces of mirror, tinsel, glass beads, shell, glass button , ribbon swing, cloth and silver coins. These products are used in ceremoines and wedding, for covering of camel’s neck and for bride’s bedcover. These beautiful combinations of innovation and variation, have advocators and different types of them are available in handicraft shops. Pottery Baluchisan’s pottery is known by Kalpoorgan, a village near to city of Saravan. This art has a long background and dates back to 3000 years ago. These ceramic products are made of clay and stone, which are exploited of the area’s mines, And have many local and foreign adminers. Needlework This art has a long background and counts as combination of talent, thought and ability of Balouchi’s artistic hand eye. Mostly, women and girls make these products and basically, use as trimmings of dresses. Today, different kinds of needle-lace are made like: tablecloth, prayer rug, prying seal cloth cover, pillow, cushion, napery for marriage ceremony, women’s dress, cover and bed light. These productions are presented in shops and galleries and with a flourished market have many admirers among Europeans. Mat weaving These kinds of handicrafts are usually made of palm leaf or, in local dialect, "Dazopish" , generally in villages of Baluchistan. Mat rope, basket, prayer carpet, small rug, pendant, shoe and cap are different products of this art. Most of these handicrafts are used in the area, except the rope hat used in furniture making. A kind of curtain is woven by a local reed, known as "Loukh" in some villages and border of hamoon lake, too. Rug Lifestyle of the Baluchistan’s people is talented for sheep and goat breeding and so, rug weaving is counted as one of the ancient handicrafts of the province. Traditional patterns of these high quality rugs are well known. Historical Geography of the Province Legendary land of Sistan & Baluchistan including three parts with the names of Sistan, Sarhad and Makran. Sistan area covers Zabol township, Sarhad covers Khash and Zahedan and Makran area covers Iranshahr, Sarbaz, Saravan, Nikshahr and Chabahar townships. Present Sistan covers north part of the province. According to the Avesta (Zoroaster’s holy book), Ormazd has created Sistan as the eleventh land and also it’s the birthplace of Rustam Dastan, Shahnameh’s epical hero. Baluchistan had been known as "meka" In the old historical documents and as "Gadrozial" in Heredoct’s writings, Greek historian. After he decline of the Achaemenian dynasty by Alexander ( 320B.C ) , he passed through this area when he was returning from India. After domination of Arabs over Sassanid dynasty, in second Caliph’s age, most of the native people adhered to Islam. Zahedan With population of 487031, according to the census in 1996, Zahedancity is the capital of the province at altitude of 1396.9 from sea level. There is a method of architecture, same as rocky architecture in Tamin village and at the around of Taftan. There are many tourist attractions in Zahedan like; Ladiz area belongs to the paleolithic, Ladiz castle, Mellat park resort, Barasan Recreation resort comples, Bagh-e Khanevadeh recreation cultural complex, anthropology museum with so beautiful and interesting manifestations of local culture, precious library of professor of Kambuzia, market cross, he old buildings of the post,customs, Ministry of Justice and post office of Mirjaveh city. Makki mosque is the greatest mosque of Sunnites in Iran with stuccos and decorations in Indian architecture mathod. Jaam’e mosque, Sikhs; temple and Rasouli bazaar @ cross Rd. are of other important attractions of this city. Chabahar It’s located on the route of int’l waters and work as a bridge among member of ECO & ASEAN and other world’s countries for production, export and transit of goods. Because of commercial free zone, this area has special importance. There are many tourist attractions in this city like; beautiful shores of Oman Sea. Pozm, Gowatr and Kenarak ports Shahid Beheshti jetty, Gelfeshan - where is one of the Chabahar township’s wonders that, like a volcano, emits mud instead of lava – Hara floating forests which are sink into the water at flow time, and return into view at the ebb time, Seyed Gholamrasool belongs to the Teymur era, Tis (Porteghali – ha) castle, Tis mosque and Khezr tread. Natural Attractions and Eco-Tourism Ecosystem of Marin Forests Like other tropical areas, what attracts viewers is a kind of plant formation which is semi-floating along shore and sea. Theses marine forests are seen at narrow strip of costal shelters, in the shores of tropical areas among estuaries and lagoons and proper depression of river’s mouth between ebb and flow. These floating forests with special situation are know as Mangrove, Swampy or Tiding Forests. In the flow time, top of the trees which are higher than salt water level are evident only, and lower parts, stem and breath canals, are in the ebb time. These forests are described as costal plantations and forever-green forests, too. At the costal strip of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Hara forests are the last extent of Mangrove forest’s dispersion in the southeast of Asia. These forests consisting one or two, sometimes, type/s of Mangrove and are the most luxuriant type of Hara. Hara Forests in Sistan & Baluchistan province At the 25.11 to 25.16 latitude and 61.28 to 61.35 longitudes, with an area of 200 Hectares, Hara forests of Gowatr bay are placed in the southeast extremity of Iran, in the political limits of Chabahar township, 150 km. To east of Chabahar. This beautiful place including Bahoo estuary has registered in the list of Ramsar Convention as the twentieth international march. However Hara forests are uniform and including no plant species but because of ecotony and crossing condition, they are consisting various kinds of wildlife. These forests are common gift of land and sea and protection of hem, as the valuable and sensitive environments, have been emphasized in the all of the world, specially from viewpoint of tourism. Mangrove forests are so luxuriant and count as the one of the important centers of natural life. Some of the most important outputs of these forests are: protection of coral stone waters and providing environment for aquatics, birds and other animals. This ecosystem protects shores against erosion of dreadful waves of the sea. Gelfeshan There are the hills of mud- emitter located in 90 km. To Bandar –e Kenarak in Kahir plain, befor tang village a flat area. One of these three, which is like a volcano, is active and the others have been inactive since a few years ago. There are craters with he diameter of a few centimeters on the peak of these hills and gray mud comes out of the active one’s crater and descends down towards the slopes, alternately. The alternation circle is every 10-15 minutes with vibration of he earth. The amount of this mud is 3-5 liter per time and craters position at the peak or slope of the hills are change, usually. A sound like shot is heard at the time of emitter, occasionally. This phenomenon is one of the other attractions of the province . Imamzadeh Gholamrasool Mausoleum In the east side of Chabahar, there is a high dome-shaped mausoleum, which belongs to Teymur period. Every year, this monument receives many Iranian and India pilgrims for religious rites, from Jan 29, for 10 days. This mausoleum gas been constructed with Mongols era, 7 & 8 centuries A.H. Khach It is an old city which its foundation date becks to King Nader age, including vats and fertile plains and is one of the agriculture poles of the area . famous peak of Taftan, The sole half-active volcano of Iran, seasonal ponds of pleasant heights next to the Taftan as the name of "Sardarya" Heydarabad castle, minaret of Jaame’ mosque, façade of towhidieh mosque with Indian stuccos and decorations, old tree of Pabid village (1200- year old), Sangan old tree, Haftad mullah cemetery, historical cemeteries about Taftan peak and watermills… are important tourist attractions of the Khash township. Taftan Peak Taftan Peak is one of the important views and attractions of the province. From viewpoint of geology in quaternary, there have been the volcanoes in Iran which their peaks are constitute important heights, today. Presently, some of those volcanoes are in sulfur producing stage and so steam and sulfuric Gases come out from their craters. Mount Taftan is one of these volcanoes and located in northeast of Iran, 50 km. To Khash Township. Because of existence of spas mineral waters, this area has special privileges, like; Jamchin, Amani, Barab and Barabak spas which are located in northwest of mount Taftan, in the west of Taftan and extremity of Bidester River, in the west of Taftan and north of Tamandan village and in the northeast of Taftan . Taftan peak with the height of 4050 m. causes pleasant climate in Khash and at the neighborhood. As other important privileges, Khash enjoys more rainfall in comparison with other places of the province and rich plan cover at the around because of high altitude. All of these features turn Taftan into one of the most interesting natural attractions of the province and attracts many of the interested people from other areas, specially mountain climbers, every year. SARAVAN It’s placed at the farthest east of the province. Most of the villages in the vicinity of this city containing high quality clay which pottery and ceramics have flourished by using it in Kalpoorgan village. The ancient works, found in this city, show its long historical background like Mahtab Khazaneh, belongs to the 50008.c, Kalatek Espij, Roubahak, Milmard and Seyed Omar hills, Sib (Seb) castle, petroglyphs of Mount Mehregan, Negaran & Koshtegan valleys. ZABOL Foundation of Sistan (Zabol) has attributed o Garshasb who named It Zarang, at first and has changed into Zabol presently . Mount Khajeh, with the height of 900m. like an island is placed in the middle of the Hamoon lake, including a fire temple and enormous palace belong to the Arsacides and Sassanid eras. Dahaneh-ye Gholaman, where is the ruins of the valuable city, belongs to the Achaemenid age. Burnt City with the collection of ancient hills, Sam Castle, Mochi castle, windmills, Rustam castle, Zahedan-e Kohneh , Ghasemabad minaret, Karkouyeh fire temple, Hamoon lake and park of Nimeh well are of Zabol’s tourist attractions. Mount Khajeh With a height of 900 m. like an island, this historical and valuable attraction is placed in middle of Hamoon Lake. There are ruins of a fire temple and enormous palace at the top of his mount belong to the first centuryA.D. Sassanid and Arsacides eras. In the south part of this mount, there is a muddy temple which is known as Kouchakchal Ganjeh. This construction is worship place of Nahid (Anahita) and is counted as a girl castle. This mount and the ancient monuments, belong to the different eras, which are located in its slope with beautiful landscapes of Hamoon lake, are of the superior tourist attractions of this province. Burnt City (Shahr-e Soukhteh) It’s complex of ancient monuments where is located in 56 km. To zabol. It’s one of the largest and richest ancient regions in eastern Iranian plateau. This city, during its 1000-year life, was counted as a mirror of ancient Iranian civilization and rich culture since the year 3200 to 21008.c. and also largest city and civilization center of east world. Dahaneh-ye Gholaman With an area of 100 hectares, his complex belongs to the Achaemenid era and is placed in 44 km. To southeast of Zabol in area of Hamoon Lake. Gholaman (means slaves) is the name of a natural strait in this area and it is said that it has been one of the entrances of Iranian plateau where slave merchants traded. According to the reports of Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization, this place has been known as shahr-e Zarrin in Hellenics era, and then as Zarak, Zaraka and Zaranj. This ancient area is near to the pools of Nimeh well in Sistan and talented to change into a tourist place. SARBAZ Sarbaz valley and river are very beautiful and green country area where are counted as the beautiful natural & tourist attractions, at the confluence of palm groves and paddy fields, with short-muzzle crocodile, that is one of scarcest species of wild life. Nikshahr With well known citrus Nikshahr has interesting natural and geography situation this area including tourist attractions of ancient areas (belongs to prehistory), Nikshahr old castle, Chehel Dokhtaran castle, Ghasr-e Ghand old castle, Makr-e Zan tree (Anjir-e Ma’abed) and …. IRANSHAHR Iranshahr is one of the Iranian ancient cities and in the past times, it has called Fahreh or Pahreh that means large city. Nowadays, I has changed into one of the poles of attracting people, industry and agriculture center in the middle of the province. Naser (Qajar are), Bampour (Sassanid era), Daman and Chehel Dokhtar castles and also Espidej castle, murdering venue of Ashraf Afghan, in the road of Bazman to Delgan, are of interesting places of the province.


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